{"id":1472,"date":"2008-05-26T14:31:14","date_gmt":"2008-05-26T14:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/2008\/05\/26\/introduction-a-lautogestion\/"},"modified":"2008-05-26T14:31:14","modified_gmt":"2008-05-26T14:31:14","slug":"introduction-a-lautogestion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/2008\/05\/26\/introduction-a-lautogestion\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction \u00e0 l\u2019autogestion"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472?print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"Afficher le PDF\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472?print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Contenu imprim\u00e9\"><\/a><\/div><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">C\u2019est par la production,<br>\npar la pro\u00adduc\u00adtion d\u2019objets, que l\u2019homme s\u2019exprime<br>\nessen\u00adtiel\u00adle\u00adment, par le tra\u00advail. L\u2019homme est un cr\u00e9ateur,<br>\nmais l\u2019objet pro\u00adduit lui \u00e9chappe&nbsp;: il en est d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9<br>\npar de mul\u00adtiples formes d\u2019exploitation. Ce qui devait \u00eatre&nbsp;la<br>\njoie de cr\u00e9er devient la souf\u00adfrance du tra\u00advail. Le travail<br>\nn\u2019est plus alors que la n\u00e9ces\u00adsi\u00adt\u00e9 de survivre.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Pour se r\u00e9approprier<br>\nles objets qu\u2019il pro\u00adduit, pour d\u00e9ci\u00adder lui-m\u00eame des<br>\nobjets qu\u2019il pro\u00addui\u00adra, pour orga\u00adni\u00adser direc\u00adte\u00adment son tra\u00advail et&nbsp;sa<br>\nvie, l\u2019homme, au cours des temps, a sans cesse fait preuve<br>\nd\u2019imagination cr\u00e9a\u00adtrice. Sans cesse, il a ten\u00addu vers&nbsp;la<br>\nsoci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 id\u00e9ale qui le lib\u00e9\u00adre\u00adrait,&nbsp;lui<br>\nper\u00admet\u00adtrait le bien-\u00eatre, pour cr\u00e9er et&nbsp;cr\u00e9er<br>\nencore\u2026<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Actuel\u00adle\u00adment, cet effort<br>\ndes pro\u00adduc\u00adteurs pour prendre en charge tota\u00adle\u00adment, pro\u00adgres\u00adsi\u00adve\u00adment&nbsp;ou<br>\nbrus\u00adque\u00adment, les ate\u00adliers, les usines, les champs, les cir\u00adcuits&nbsp;de<br>\nconsom\u00adma\u00adtion, les trans\u00adports, la culture, les loi\u00adsirs, etc.,&nbsp;cette<br>\nrecherche est qua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00e9e d\u2019autogestion.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Sans<br>\ndoute le terme d\u2019autogestion avait-il d\u00e9j\u00e0&nbsp;\u00e9t\u00e9<br>\nemploy\u00e9 par les pre\u00admi\u00e8res \u00e9coles socialistes,<br>\nmais il fut oubli\u00e9&nbsp;; ce n\u2019est qu\u2019avec les exp\u00e9riences<br>\nyou\u00adgo\u00adslave et alg\u00e9\u00adrienne qu\u2019il retrouve une r\u00e9sonance.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Il est<br>\npos\u00adsible de chi\u00adca\u00adner sur le terme, de pr\u00e9\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrer d\u2019autres<br>\nqua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtifs propres \u00e0 des lieux d\u2019exp\u00e9rience<br>\npar\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adliers et \u00e0 dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrents moments de l\u2019histoire.<br>\nIl est vrai que ces termes ne recouvrent pas la m\u00eame r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<br>\nL\u2019Espagne de 1936 s\u2019exprima par les \u00ab&nbsp;collectivit\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb,<br>\nla \u00ab&nbsp;syn\u00addi\u00adca\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtion&nbsp;\u00bb, le \u00ab&nbsp;com\u00admu\u00adnisme libertaire&nbsp;\u00bb.<br>\nLa Rus\u00adsie de 1905 lan\u00ad\u00e7a les \u00ab&nbsp;soviets&nbsp;\u00bb, repris en<br>\noctobre 17. Repris encore en Alle\u00admagne, en Autriche et ailleurs apr\u00e8s<br>\n17. Soviets ou \u00ab&nbsp;conseils\u00bb&nbsp;; conseils ouvriers et paysans.<br>\nAvec un conte\u00adnu moins r\u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnaire, un mot plus ancien<br>\ns\u2019est main\u00adte\u00adnu en tous lieux&nbsp;: la coop\u00e9rative.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Dans les<br>\npays capi\u00adta\u00adlistes, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience est net\u00adte\u00adment r\u00e9formiste<br>\net mul\u00adti\u00adforme. La com\u00admu\u00adnau\u00adt\u00e9 agraire en Isra\u00ebl fit<br>\nfleu\u00adrir le mot \u00ab&nbsp;kib\u00adboutz&nbsp;\u00bb. Le mou\u00adve\u00adment social non<br>\nviolent, en Inde, parle de \u00ab&nbsp;gram\u00addan&nbsp;\u00bb. Nous pour\u00adrions&nbsp;sans<br>\ndoute conti\u00adnuer l\u2019\u00e9num\u00e9ration.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Ain\u00adsi un d\u00e9luge de<br>\nmots, contes\u00adt\u00e9s pour eux-m\u00eames ou pour ce qu\u2019ils<br>\nd\u00e9si\u00adgnent, expriment la cr\u00e9a\u00adti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9 ouvri\u00e8re.<br>\nMots gal\u00advau\u00add\u00e9s, per\u00adver\u00adtis, oubli\u00e9s, retrouv\u00e9s,<br>\nrevaloris\u00e9s.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Auto\u00adges\u00adtion<br>\nnous para\u00eet le terme g\u00e9n\u00e9\u00adrique actuellement<br>\nemploy\u00e9 le mieux com\u00adpris. Mais peu importe le terme&nbsp;;&nbsp;seule<br>\ncompte la r\u00e9a\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9. Nous sommes concer\u00adn\u00e9s&nbsp;par<br>\nl\u2019autogestion&nbsp;: c\u2019est une reven\u00addi\u00adca\u00adtion essen\u00adtielle de<br>\nl\u2019anarchisme. Et nous consta\u00adtons chaque jour un peu plus qu\u2019une<br>\ncer\u00adtaine pra\u00adtique de la non-vio\u00adlence conduit \u00e0 poser&nbsp;les<br>\npro\u00adbl\u00e8mes en fonc\u00adtion de ce \u00ab&nbsp;projet&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Mais nous ne sommes pas&nbsp;des<br>\nsp\u00e9\u00adcia\u00adlistes de l\u2019autogestion, des pro\u00adfes\u00adsion\u00adnels de&nbsp;la<br>\nrecherche&nbsp;; nous vou\u00adlons tenir notre place de notre mieux, apporter<br>\nnotre pierre. Nous ten\u00adtons, \u00e0 notre niveau, de satisfaire<br>\nd\u2019abord un besoin de com\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adhen\u00adsion, pour mieux combattre,<br>\npour mieux&nbsp;vivre.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Mais<br>\ncom\u00adment bien com\u00adprendre ce qui s\u2019est pas\u00ads\u00e9, ce qui se&nbsp;passe<br>\nde notre temps et quel\u00adque\u00adfois qua\u00adsi\u00adment sous nos yeux&nbsp;? Nous manquons<br>\nd\u2019une syn\u00adth\u00e8se pour \u00e9tu\u00addier l\u2019exp\u00e9rience<br>\nespa\u00adgnole&nbsp;: on ne peut repro\u00adcher aux hommes qui y particip\u00e8rent<br>\nd\u2019avoir d\u2019abord \u00ab&nbsp;v\u00e9cu&nbsp;\u00bb plu\u00adt\u00f4t que&nbsp;de<br>\nconsti\u00adtuer des archives. La pra\u00adtique des conseils ouvriers allemands<br>\nnous est incom\u00adpl\u00e8\u00adte\u00adment connue&nbsp;: nous vou\u00addrions en p\u00e9n\u00e9trer<br>\nla d\u00e9marche&nbsp;; par-l\u00e0 nous connais\u00adsons mieux&nbsp;les<br>\nEspa\u00adgnols. L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie est proche, mais mou\u00advante et impr\u00e9cise,<br>\nsou\u00advent b\u00e2illon\u00adn\u00e9e. La You\u00adgo\u00adsla\u00advie ne r\u00e9pond pas<br>\nrigou\u00adreu\u00adse\u00adment \u00e0 nos sch\u00e9\u00admas pr\u00e9\u00e9tablis.<br>\nA chaque fois, nous devons nous refaire un \u0153il neuf. Que dire&nbsp;de<br>\nl\u2019exp\u00e9rience indienne qui nous para\u00eet \u00e9norme,<br>\ncontes\u00adt\u00e9e et mal connue&nbsp;? \u00c9tu\u00addier le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne<br>\ncoop\u00e9\u00adra\u00adtif n\u2019est-ce pas entre\u00adprendre un tra\u00advail au-des\u00adsus&nbsp;de<br>\nnos possibilit\u00e9s&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Alors&nbsp;?<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Alors nous resterons<br>\nmodestes.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Il nous<br>\na paru qu\u2019il ne fal\u00adlait ten\u00adter d\u2019abord qu\u2019une <b>intro\u00adduc\u00adtion<br>\nau ph\u00e9\u00adno\u00adm\u00e8ne auto\u00adges\u00adtion\u00adnaire&nbsp;;<\/b> qu\u2019il&nbsp;\u00e9tait<br>\nessen\u00adtiel d\u2019avoir une vue glo\u00adbale, qu\u2019il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire<br>\nde repla\u00adcer les moments forts dans le temps et dans l\u2019espace. Par<br>\nla suite, notre approche pour\u00adrait se faire plus pr\u00e9cise.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Dans le<br>\nplan de tra\u00advail que nous avons choi\u00adsi, nous avons \u00e9limin\u00e9<br>\nce que nous pou\u00advons appe\u00adler les micro-r\u00e9a\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtions, comme&nbsp;les<br>\npha\u00adlan\u00adst\u00e8res, les \u00ab&nbsp;colo\u00adnies&nbsp;\u00bb liber\u00adtaires, les<br>\ncom\u00admu\u00adnau\u00adt\u00e9s diverses, \u00e9ga\u00adle\u00adment les kib\u00adbout\u00adzim.&nbsp;Cette<br>\nfa\u00e7on de faire peut \u00eatre dis\u00adcu\u00adt\u00e9e et il&nbsp;est<br>\nsou\u00adhai\u00adtable qu\u2019elle le soit. Et nous avons privil\u00e9gi\u00e9&nbsp;:<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">1. Les<br>\ncol\u00adlec\u00adti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9s liber\u00adtaires espa\u00adgnoles de&nbsp;1936.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">2. Les<br>\nsoviets et conseils de 1905, 1917 et&nbsp;apr\u00e8s.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">3.<br>\nL\u2019autogestion en Yougoslavie.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">4.<br>\nL\u2019autogestion en Alg\u00e9rie.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">5. Les<br>\ncoop\u00e9ratives.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">6. Le gram\u00addan en&nbsp;Inde.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Puis<br>\nnous nous pro\u00adpo\u00adsons d\u2019\u00e9tudier chaque ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne<br>\nauto\u00adges\u00adtion\u00adnaire ain\u00adsi d\u00e9li\u00admi\u00adt\u00e9 sui\u00advant un sch\u00e9ma<br>\ntype. L\u00e0 encore, la dis\u00adcus\u00adsion reste ouverte. Nous pen\u00adsons&nbsp;que<br>\nle sch\u00e9\u00adma n\u2019est qu\u2019un point de d\u00e9part, qu\u2019il&nbsp;peut<br>\n\u00eatre modi\u00adfi\u00e9, qu\u2019il peut \u00e9cla\u00adter. Une tribune<br>\nde dis\u00adcus\u00adsion paral\u00adl\u00e8le pour\u00adrait \u00eatre m\u00e9nag\u00e9e<br>\n\u00e0 nos lec\u00adteurs&nbsp;; seul le cour\u00adrier re\u00e7u nous \u00e9clairera<br>\n\u00e0 ce&nbsp;sujet.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Voi\u00adci le plan que nous&nbsp;nous<br>\npro\u00adpo\u00adsons de suivre, avec des exemples qui ne sont qu\u2019indicatifs&nbsp;:<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b>1. Ant\u00e9\u00adc\u00e9\u00addents<br>\ntra\u00addi\u00adtion\u00adnels, usages cou\u00adtu\u00admiers, les racines<\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab&nbsp;Esprit<br>\ncom\u00admu\u00adnau\u00adtaire et sen\u00adti\u00adment col\u00adlec\u00adtif qui unis\u00adsaient les hommes par&nbsp;le<br>\nc\u0153ur, par la sym\u00adpa\u00adthie, par la cor\u00addia\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9 qui prolongeaient<br>\nles cou\u00adtumes d\u00e9crites par Joa\u00adquim Cos\u00adta dans son livre <i>le<br>\nCol\u00adlec\u00adti\u00advisme agraire en Espagne <\/i>(G. Leval, <i>Cahiers de<br>\nl\u2019humanisme liber\u00adtaire,<\/i> n\u00b0 152.) D\u00e8s 1840,&nbsp;en<br>\nCata\u00adlogne, dans l\u2019industrie tex\u00adtile, for\u00adma\u00adtion des premi\u00e8res<br>\ncoop\u00e9\u00adra\u00adtives de consom\u00adma\u00adtion et de pro\u00adduc\u00adtion d\u2019inspiration<br>\nproudhonienne.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Le mir, orga\u00adnisme&nbsp;de<br>\npro\u00adpri\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 col\u00adlec\u00adtive rurale, en Rus\u00adsie avant&nbsp;1917.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La<br>\nd\u00e9cen\u00adtra\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtion poli\u00adtique you\u00adgo\u00adslave et la zadrouga.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La<br>\npra\u00adtique com\u00admu\u00adnau\u00adtaire kabyle.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La<br>\ncoop\u00e9\u00adra\u00adtive&nbsp;: base his\u00adto\u00adrique de l\u2019autogestion&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L\u2019isolement<br>\ndes vil\u00adlages indiens par rap\u00adport au pou\u00advoir central.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b>2. Pr\u00e9\u00adpa\u00adra\u00adtion<br>\nth\u00e9orique<\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L\u2019influence<br>\nde Bakou\u00adnine, de la Ire Inter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnale&nbsp;; his\u00adtoire de la CNT et de&nbsp;la<br>\nFAI. Impor\u00adtance de la pro\u00adpa\u00adgande anarchiste.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L\u2019influence<br>\nde Prou\u00addhon sur les soviets russes (Gur\u00advitch, <i>Auto\u00adges\u00adtion,<\/i> n\u00b0<br>\n1). Influence de Tol\u00adsto\u00ef sur les coop\u00e9\u00adra\u00adtives hongroises<br>\net roumaines.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L\u2019autogestion<br>\n\u00e0 par\u00adtir du mar\u00adxisme avec l\u2019influence de Proudhon.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L\u2019exemple<br>\nyou\u00adgo\u00adslave sur les com\u00adbat\u00adtants alg\u00e9riens&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"de-DE\">Prou\u00addhon,<br>\nC. Gide, Kro\u00adpot\u00adkine (cf. Desroches).<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Cha\u00adri\u00adt\u00e9<br>\net jus\u00adtice \u00e0 par\u00adtir d\u2019une concep\u00adtion reli\u00adgieuse non violente<br>\n(Vino\u00adba).<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b><span lang=\"fr-FR\">3. Le<br>\npas\u00adsage \u00e0 l\u2019autogestion. La r\u00e9volution<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La<br>\n\u00ab&nbsp;gym\u00adnas\u00adtique r\u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnaire&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;: les gr\u00e8ves<br>\net les dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrentes insur\u00adrec\u00adtions du prol\u00e9tariat<br>\nespa\u00adgnol. La mon\u00adt\u00e9e du fas\u00adcisme, les putsch. La r\u00e9volution<br>\n(et la guerre) de 36&nbsp;: for\u00adma\u00adtion des col\u00adlec\u00adti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9s, occupation<br>\ndes biens vacants.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La<br>\nguerre, fac\u00adteur de dis\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adtion du pou\u00advoir cen\u00adtral. La r\u00e9volution<br>\nde&nbsp;1917.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Ini\u00adtia\u00adtive&nbsp;du<br>\ngou\u00adver\u00adne\u00adment you\u00adgo\u00adslave pour r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes<br>\n\u00e9co\u00adno\u00admiques et poli\u00adtiques pr\u00e9\u00adcis. Essai r\u00e9cent<br>\nen Tch\u00e9\u00adco\u00adslo\u00adva\u00adquie et dans d\u2019autres pays de l\u2019Est.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">L\u2019occupation des<br>\nbiens vacants en Alg\u00e9rie.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Le coop\u00e9\u00adra\u00adti\u00advisme<br>\nest un r\u00e9formisme.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Le don volon\u00adtaire de&nbsp;la<br>\nterre, de l\u2019argent, en Inde,&nbsp;etc.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b>4. Le fonc\u00adtion\u00adne\u00adment&nbsp;de<br>\nl\u2019autogestion. Les pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes, les \u00e9checs, les<br>\nr\u00e9ussites<\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">De nom\u00adbreux t\u00e9moignages<br>\npar\u00adcel\u00adlaires et \u00e9par\u00adpill\u00e9s sur les collectivit\u00e9s<br>\nespagnoles.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Noyau\u00adtage des soviets<br>\npar les com\u00admu\u00adnistes. Des\u00adtruc\u00adtion des exp\u00e9\u00adriences de Kronstadt<br>\net d\u2019Ukraine.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Ou l\u2019\u00e9tatisme<br>\nou l\u2019autogestion&nbsp;: balan\u00adce\u00adment entre deux pou\u00advoirs. Manque de<br>\nqua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion. Le sabo\u00adtage du pou\u00advoir central.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Des coop\u00e9\u00adra\u00adtives<br>\npar\u00adtout et de tous les genres.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Manque d\u2019informations.<br>\nR\u00e9or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adsa\u00adtion des vil\u00adlages. Auto\u00adno\u00admie, d\u00e9centralisation<br>\net f\u00e9d\u00e9\u00adra\u00adlisme. Une soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 non violente.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b>5. Dis\u00adcus\u00adsion,<br>\ncri\u00adtiques, pro\u00adlon\u00adge\u00adments&nbsp;: que pou\u00advons-nous faire, ici et maintenant&nbsp;;<br>\nnotre attitude<\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b>6. Pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes<br>\ndivers sur l\u2019autogestion<\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9<br>\nd\u2019installer une ges\u00adtion ouvri\u00e8re qui change les rap\u00adports&nbsp;de<br>\npro\u00adduc\u00adtion, qui ne soit pas une ges\u00adtion d\u00e9mo\u00adcra\u00adtique&nbsp;du<br>\ncapitalisme.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Sur l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat,<br>\nmal\u00adgr\u00e9 tout, de par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adper \u00e0 l\u2019animation de<br>\ncoop\u00e9\u00adra\u00adtives, mutuelles, etc., qui sont r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es<br>\npar le sys\u00adt\u00e8me capi\u00adta\u00adliste. L\u2019autogestion d\u2019un&nbsp;seul<br>\nsec\u00adteur de la soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 vire au capi\u00adta\u00adlisme ou&nbsp;est<br>\nabsor\u00adb\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">La n\u00e9ces\u00adsi\u00adt\u00e9<br>\nd\u2019une pla\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion de l\u2019autogestion. Laquelle&nbsp;? L\u2019ouvrier face<br>\nau pro\u00adduit de son travail.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab&nbsp;Soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9<br>\nde consom\u00adma\u00adtion&nbsp;\u00bb oppo\u00ads\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;soci\u00e9t\u00e9<br>\nd\u2019autogestion&nbsp;\u00bb. L\u2019autogestion est-elle anarchiste&nbsp;?<br>\nL\u2019autogestion en pays socia\u00adlistes&nbsp;; l\u2019autogestion en&nbsp;pays<br>\ncapitalistes.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">C\u00f4t\u00e9<br>\npsy\u00adcho\u00adlo\u00adgique de l\u2019autogestion&nbsp;: accep\u00adta\u00adtion et possibilit\u00e9<br>\nd\u2019assumer l\u2019autogestion.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La<br>\ncr\u00e9a\u00adti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9 du monde ouvrier.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ges\u00adtion<br>\nde l\u2019entreprise, ges\u00adtion de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Auto\u00adno\u00admie<br>\ndes entre\u00adprises et concurrence.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">In\u00e9ga\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9<br>\nde d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\u200a\u2014\u200a<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">etc.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b>Andr\u00e9 Ber\u00adnard<\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<h2>_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b_\u200b<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b><\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<h2>Commentaire 1<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">En gros,<br>\nj\u2019aime beau\u00adcoup ce po\u00e8me sur l\u2019autogestion, cet hymne&nbsp;au<br>\ntra\u00advail cr\u00e9a\u00adteur, bien qu\u2019on puisse qua\u00adli\u00adfier de&nbsp;petit<br>\nbour\u00adgeoise cette id\u00e9a\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtion par<i> <\/i>les anar\u00adchistes du<br>\ntra\u00advail cr\u00e9a\u00adteur, arti\u00adsa\u00adnal, pay\u00adsan, etc. (c\u2019est, entre<br>\nautres, une cri\u00adtique que fait Sartre). Apr\u00e8s, je trouve, le<br>\nplan de tra\u00advail tr\u00e8s bon. Sur la 2<sup>e<\/sup> par\u00adtie, pr\u00e9paration<br>\nth\u00e9orique&nbsp;:<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">1) Bakou\u00adnine n\u2019a pas&nbsp;dit<br>\ngrand-chose sur l\u2019autogestion. Il fau\u00addrait plu\u00adt\u00f4t pr\u00e9senter<br>\nla chose&nbsp;ainsi&nbsp;:<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">La Ire Internationale,<br>\nles soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9s de r\u00e9sis\u00adtance, l\u2019organisation&nbsp;;<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Le syn\u00addi\u00adca\u00adlisme<br>\nr\u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnaire, l\u2019id\u00e9e de gr\u00e8ve g\u00e9n\u00e9rale,<br>\nde gr\u00e8ve avec occupation&nbsp;;<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">His\u00adtoire de la CNT&nbsp;et<br>\nde la FAI&nbsp;; impor\u00adtance de la pro\u00adpa\u00adgande anar\u00adchiste, etc.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">2) C\u2019est plut\u00f4t<br>\nvague, et m\u00e9chant pour le mar\u00adxisme. Je propose&nbsp;:<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">La concep\u00adtion marxiste&nbsp;:<br>\nauto\u00adges\u00adtion, conseils ouvriers, Etat. Et lais\u00adser Prou\u00addhon ailleurs.<br>\nOn peut en par\u00adler avec le mar\u00adxisme, mais c\u2019est rela\u00adti\u00adve\u00adment&nbsp;peu<br>\nimpor\u00adtant, \u00e0 mon avis. En tout cas, faire une place&nbsp;plus<br>\ngrande au marxisme.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La 4<sup>e<\/sup><br>\npar\u00adtie et la 6<sup>e<\/sup> (der\u00adni\u00e8re) se recoupent plus ou moins, et&nbsp;la<br>\nliste des pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes peut s\u2019allonger \u00e0 l\u2019infini. La<br>\npar\u00adtie 4 serait plus his\u00adto\u00adrique, la 6<sup>e<\/sup> plus th\u00e9o\u00adrique. Je<br>\npro\u00adpose \u00e9ven\u00adtuel\u00adle\u00adment de sup\u00adpri\u00admer la 6<sup>e<\/sup> par\u00adtie et d\u2019int\u00e9grer<br>\npar la suite cet ensemble de pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes et d\u2019autres aux<br>\ndif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrents cha\u00adpitres, en par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlier au 4<sup>e<\/sup> et 5<sup>e<\/sup>.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Marie<br>\nMatin<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b><\/b><br>\n<strong><em><b>Com\u00admen\u00adtaire&nbsp;2&nbsp;:<br>\n<\/b>Cri\u00adtique de la d\u00e9marche<\/em><\/strong><br>\n<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Toute<br>\nd\u00e9marche pour une \u00e9tude sur l\u2019autogestion me para\u00eet<br>\ndevoir com\u00adpor\u00adter un rele\u00adv\u00e9 des publi\u00adca\u00adtions sur ce sujet, les<br>\ndif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrentes revues sp\u00e9\u00adcia\u00adli\u00ads\u00e9es fran\u00e7aises<br>\net \u00e9tran\u00adg\u00e8res, les livres (d\u2019un point de&nbsp;vue<br>\nhis\u00adto\u00adrique ou mono\u00adgra\u00adphique), les th\u00e8ses.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Pour un plan de travail<br>\ncol\u00adlec\u00adtif comme celui-ci, \u00e0 mon avis, il faudrait&nbsp;:<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">que<br>\ncha\u00adcun lise la \u00ab&nbsp;th\u00e9o\u00adrie&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019autogestion (l\u2019un<br>\nd\u2019entre vous pour\u00adrait faire un rep\u00e9\u00adrage par\u00admi les grandes<br>\nth\u00e9o\u00adries his\u00adto\u00adriques et \u00e9co\u00adno\u00admiques  (Prou\u00addhon,&nbsp;Marx,<br>\nBakou\u00adnine, Des\u00adroches, Bour\u00addieu, Meis\u00adter, etc.) et en faire&nbsp;une<br>\nsyn\u00adth\u00e8se en d\u00e9ga\u00adgeant une ligne directrice&nbsp;;<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">ensuite<br>\nque  cha\u00adcun \u00e9tu\u00addie plus par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adli\u00e8\u00adre\u00adment une exp\u00e9rience<br>\nori\u00adgi\u00adnale, sui\u00advant l\u2019affinit\u00e9 ou la com\u00adp\u00e9\u00adtence, pour<br>\nune p\u00e9riode his\u00adto\u00adrique ou un pays, que cha\u00adcun fasse circuler<br>\nson \u00e9tude pour qu\u2019elle soit lue de tous. D\u00e9ga\u00adger&nbsp;les<br>\nprin\u00adci\u00adpales res\u00adsem\u00adblances des exp\u00e9riences.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ceci me<br>\nsemble \u00eatre seule\u00adment <i>le tra\u00advail pr\u00e9\u00adli\u00admi\u00adnaire, <\/i>la<br>\nbase \u00e0 par\u00adtir de laquelle on peut se poser les probl\u00e8mes.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">1.<i><br>\nRelier la th\u00e9o\u00adrie et <\/i>la <i>pra\u00adtique.<\/i><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">A par\u00adtir<br>\nde la syn\u00adth\u00e8se, th\u00e9o\u00adrique et des exemples concrets, se<br>\ndeman\u00adder si l\u2019autogestion peut \u00eatre th\u00e9oris\u00e9e,<br>\nsi elle n\u2019est pas une <i>praxis&nbsp;?<\/i><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">2.<i><br>\nFonc\u00adtion\u00adne\u00adment de l\u2019autogestion.<\/i><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Echec.<br>\nSuc\u00adc\u00e8s. Essayer d\u2019analyser \u00e0 par\u00adtir d\u2019exemples<br>\nconcrets en rela\u00adtion avec&nbsp;: la p\u00e9riode his\u00adto\u00adrique et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<br>\nglo\u00adbale o\u00f9 l\u2019exp\u00e9rience auto\u00adges\u00adtion\u00adnaire s\u2019ins\u00e8re.<br>\nPour\u00adquoi \u00e9chec ou r\u00e9us\u00adsite&nbsp;? Quels sont les crit\u00e8res<br>\nqui per\u00admettent de d\u00e9ci\u00adder si c\u2019est un \u00e9chec ou&nbsp;une<br>\nr\u00e9ussite&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ces deux<br>\npoints nous per\u00admettent alors de nous inter\u00adro\u00adger sur le <i>pour\u00adquoi <\/i>et<br>\nle fon\u00adde\u00adment d\u2019une telle&nbsp;\u00e9tude&nbsp;:<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Com\u00adment<br>\nl\u2019autogestion peut s\u2019ins\u00e9rer dans un mou\u00adve\u00adment anarchiste<br>\nnon violent&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">a) Essayer de d\u00e9gager<br>\nla doc\u00adtrine plus par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adli\u00e8\u00adre\u00adment anar\u00adchiste sur<br>\nl\u2019autogestion.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">b) Rela\u00adtion de&nbsp;la<br>\nnon-vio\u00adlence et de l\u2019autogestion. Y a\u2011t-il une rela\u00adtion&nbsp;? Comment<br>\nest-elle fon\u00add\u00e9e&nbsp;? L\u00e9gi\u00adti\u00admi\u00adt\u00e9 de cette relation.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">c) Pour\u00adquoi la non-violence<br>\n\u00e0\u2011t-elle plu\u00adt\u00f4t pr\u00f4\u00adn\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s&nbsp;?<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<h2>   *   *   *<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Quelle<br>\nest la fonc\u00adtion de votre groupe ou  revue&nbsp;? Que devez-vous appor\u00adter&nbsp;\u00e0<br>\nune telle \u00e9tude&nbsp;? Dans la soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 anar\u00adchiste et<br>\nnon vio\u00adlente, com\u00adment voyez-vous l\u2019autogestion&nbsp;? Que faites-vous,<br>\nquels sont vos moyens pour 1a r\u00e9a\u00adli\u00adser&nbsp;? Quels sont les points<br>\nth\u00e9o\u00adriques \u00e0 revoir par rap\u00adport \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie<br>\nofficielle&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">C\u2019est ce der\u00adnier&nbsp;point<br>\nqui est le plus impor\u00adtant car c\u2019est se deman\u00adder com\u00adment,&nbsp;par<br>\nrap\u00adport \u00e0 une doc\u00adtrine ori\u00adgi\u00adnale anar\u00adchiste et non violente,<br>\nsituer l\u2019autogestion. Les autres pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes ont&nbsp;\u00e9t\u00e9<br>\ntrai\u00adt\u00e9s par bien des gens, c\u2019est le seul que vous pouvez<br>\nd\u00e9ga\u00adger vous-m\u00eames et donc le plus int\u00e9ressant<br>\nquant \u00e0 l\u2019apport pour l\u2019autogestion et la perspective<br>\nd\u2019une soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 anar\u00adchiste et non vio\u00adlente. C\u2019est<br>\npresque \u00e0 ce seul niveau que votre tra\u00advail com\u00admence, puisque<br>\nle reste a \u00e9t\u00e9 plus ou moins fait ou en passe d\u2019\u00eatre<br>\nfait.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><strong>Cri\u00adtique de d\u00e9tail<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">1. Pour<br>\nune intro\u00adduc\u00adtion \u00e0 l\u2019autogestion il convient de d\u00e9finir<br>\nqui est \u00ab&nbsp;l\u2019homme qui s\u2019exprime essen\u00adtiel\u00adle\u00adment par&nbsp;le<br>\ntra\u00advail&nbsp;\u00bb. L\u2019autogestion peut-elle s\u2019appliquer \u00e0<br>\nn\u2019importe quel genre de travailleurs&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">2. Ceci am\u00e8ne&nbsp;une<br>\nautre ques\u00adtion&nbsp;: les dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrences de termes ne sont pas&nbsp;des<br>\n\u00ab&nbsp;chi\u00adca\u00adne\u00adries&nbsp;\u00bb. Il convient au contraire de les examiner<br>\nde pr\u00e8s. Il fau\u00addrait faire une socio\u00adlo\u00adgie de la d\u00e9nomination<br>\npour mon\u00adtrer que des exp\u00e9\u00adriences dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrentes portent<br>\ndes noms dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrents, et que ces dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrences sont riches<br>\nen ensei\u00adgne\u00adments, le nom d\u2019un groupe a une double fonction&nbsp;:<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">d\u00e9si\u00adgner<br>\nle groupe en tant que tel et les membres du groupe.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">d\u00e9fi\u00adnir&nbsp;les<br>\nrela\u00adtions sociales qu\u2019un groupe entre\u00adtient avec d\u2019autres groupes.<br>\nVoir la dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrence des termes his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adque\u00adment&nbsp;; y a\u2011t-il un<br>\nencha\u00ee\u00adne\u00adment, un pro\u00adces\u00adsus de d\u00e9ve\u00adlop\u00adpe\u00adment (dans&nbsp;quel<br>\nsens) de l\u2019un \u00e0 l\u2019autre&nbsp;? L\u2019autogestion est-elle<br>\nl\u2019aboutissement de telles exp\u00e9\u00adriences, ou bien&nbsp;se<br>\nsitue-t-elle \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9&nbsp;? Donc, pas un \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9luge<br>\nde mots&nbsp;\u00bb mais des exp\u00e9\u00adriences dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrentes qui<br>\ns\u2019expriment sous des termes dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrents. Bien voir que&nbsp;le<br>\nterme et la r\u00e9a\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9 sont \u00e9troi\u00adte\u00adment&nbsp;li\u00e9s.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Point<br>\ntr\u00e8s impor\u00adtant. Affir\u00adma\u00adtions&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;nous sommes concern\u00e9s<br>\npar l\u2019autogestion&nbsp;\u00bb, \u00ab&nbsp;nous consta\u00adtons chaque jour un&nbsp;peu<br>\nplus qu\u2019une cer\u00adtaine pra\u00adtique de la non-vio\u00adlence conduit \u00e0<br>\nposer les pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes en fonc\u00adtion de ce pro\u00adjet&nbsp;\u00bb. Comment<br>\n\u00eates-vous concer\u00adn\u00e9s&nbsp;? Pour\u00adquoi&nbsp;? Quelle est cette pratique<br>\nde la non-vio\u00adlence qui conduit \u00e0 l\u2019autogestion&nbsp;? Affirmation<br>\nth\u00e9o\u00adrique. O\u00f9, en pra\u00adtique avez-vous \u00e9t\u00e9<br>\nconcer\u00adn\u00e9s&nbsp;? Dans ce m\u00eame ordre d\u2019id\u00e9es, d\u00e9finir<br>\nce que vous vou\u00adlez dire par \u00ab&nbsp;appor\u00adter notre pierre&nbsp;\u00bb.<br>\nC\u2019est l\u00e0 que se situe le pro\u00adbl\u00e8me. Que pouvez-vous<br>\nappor\u00adter d\u2019original qui n\u2019ait \u00e9t\u00e9 dit&nbsp;? (Rap\u00adport<br>\nauto\u00adges\u00adtion-non-vio\u00adlence?) J\u2019aimerais savoir ce que recouvre \u00ab&nbsp;pour<br>\nmieux com\u00adbattre, pour mieux vivre&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;? (for\u00admule vide). Qu\u2019est-ce<br>\nque \u00e7a change dans votre vie de tous les&nbsp;jours&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Que cher\u00adchez-vous<br>\nfinalement&nbsp;?<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Une<br>\n\u00e9tude th\u00e9o\u00adrique de ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait&nbsp;et<br>\ndit&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n\u2022 <font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ou,<br>\n\u00e0 par\u00adtir de cela, essayer de d\u00e9ga\u00adger une th\u00e9orie<br>\nde l\u2019autogestion dans la soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 anar\u00adchiste et<br>\nnon-vio\u00adlente&nbsp;? C\u2019est l\u00e0 que \u00e7a com\u00admence \u00e0&nbsp;\u00eatre<br>\nint\u00e9ressant.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">R<b>ose-Marie<br>\nLagrave<\/b><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><br>\n<strong><em>Com\u00admen\u00adtaire<br>\n3<\/em><\/strong><br>\n<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Pour\u00adquoi avoir \u00e9cart\u00e9<br>\nles \u00ab&nbsp;micro-r\u00e9a\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtions&nbsp;\u00bb du plan de tra\u00advail&nbsp;? Il&nbsp;me<br>\npara\u00eet inutile et vain d\u2019essayer d\u2019en faire le recensement<br>\net l\u2019historique, mais mal\u00adgr\u00e9 leur inser\u00adtion par\u00adcel\u00adlaire&nbsp;dans<br>\nun cadre r\u00e9for\u00admiste ou capi\u00adta\u00adliste, il me parait int\u00e9ressant<br>\nde se poser \u00e0 leur sujet un cer\u00adtain nombre de questions&nbsp;:<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">1)<br>\nQuelles sont les moti\u00adva\u00adtions qui poussent des indi\u00advi\u00addus \u00e0&nbsp;ce<br>\ngenre de tentative&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">2) Elles<br>\nsont g\u00e9n\u00e9\u00adra\u00adle\u00adment vou\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chec<br>\nou \u00e0 la dis\u00adpa\u00adri\u00adtion \u00e0 plus ou moins long terme. Est-ce<br>\n\u00e0 cause de leur ana\u00adchro\u00adnisme en soci\u00e9t\u00e9<br>\ncapi\u00adta\u00adliste ou plu\u00adt\u00f4t \u00e0 la dif\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00adt\u00e9&nbsp;des<br>\nrap\u00adports entre indi\u00advi\u00addus qui se veulent libres et res\u00adpon\u00adsables mais<br>\nn\u2019ont pas atteint le degr\u00e9 de matu\u00adri\u00adt\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">3)<br>\nCons\u00e9\u00adquence de la ques\u00adtion pr\u00e9\u00adc\u00e9\u00addente&nbsp;: Si&nbsp;nous<br>\nima\u00adgi\u00adnons une soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 ou une situa\u00adtion r\u00e9volutionnaire<br>\no\u00f9 pro\u00adduc\u00adtion et dis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtion seraient autog\u00e9r\u00e9es,<br>\nne risque-t-on pas de voir rapi\u00adde\u00adment se recr\u00e9er des rapports<br>\nali\u00e9\u00adnants entre indi\u00advi\u00addus, aus\u00adsi p\u00e9nibles \u00e0<br>\nvivre que ceux que nous connais\u00adsons actuellement&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">4)<br>\nDepuis l\u2019av\u00e8nement des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<br>\nindus\u00adtria\u00adli\u00ads\u00e9es, les r\u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnaires  s\u2019accordent \u00e0<b><br>\n<\/b>vou\u00adloir bri\u00adser l\u2019exploitation capi\u00adta\u00adliste, mais ne convient-il<br>\npas d\u00e8s main\u00adte\u00adnant d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 assu\u00admer sa propre<br>\nliber\u00adt\u00e9 sur un plan posi\u00adtif, alors que nous l\u2019exer\u00e7ons<br>\nhabi\u00adtuel\u00adle\u00adment sur un plan n\u00e9ga\u00adtif ou oppositionnel&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">5) Cer\u00adtains pr\u00e9conisent<br>\nla cr\u00e9a\u00adtion imm\u00e9\u00addiate de r\u00e9alisations<br>\ncom\u00admu\u00adnau\u00adtaires, se coor\u00addon\u00adnant ensuite entre elles, comme un moyen&nbsp;de<br>\ncr\u00e9a\u00adtion de soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 paral\u00adl\u00e8le. N\u2019est-ce<br>\npas l\u00e0 un moyen r\u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnaire non violent, un<br>\nappren\u00adtis\u00adsage de l\u2019autogestion, la voie ouverte \u00e0&nbsp;une<br>\nesca\u00adlade allant des micro aux macro-r\u00e9alisations&nbsp;?<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><i>Le plan de travail<\/i><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Je crains que l\u2019\u00e9tude<br>\net l\u2019analyse sui\u00advant un sch\u00e9\u00adma type de cha\u00adcun des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes<br>\nauto\u00adges\u00adtion\u00adnaires ne soit qu\u2019un tra\u00advail fas\u00adti\u00addieux de compilation.<br>\nIl y a l\u00e0 en tout cas fort peu de pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9s&nbsp;de<br>\ncr\u00e9a\u00adti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9 ou de recherche r\u00e9elle.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">Per\u00adson\u00adnel\u00adle\u00adment,&nbsp;je<br>\npr\u00e9\u00adf\u00e9\u00adre\u00adrais que nous privil\u00e9giions&nbsp;:<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">I. Esprit com\u00admu\u00adnau\u00adtaire&nbsp;et<br>\nsen\u00adti\u00adment col\u00adlec\u00adtif (les racines).<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">II. Les th\u00e9ories<br>\n(Bakou\u00adnine, Prou\u00addhon, Tol\u00adsto\u00ef, Vino\u00adba,&nbsp;etc.).<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">III. Le pas\u00adsage&nbsp;\u00e0<br>\nl\u2019autogestion (com\u00adment&nbsp;? ana\u00adlyse des forces).<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\">IV. La planification<br>\n(com\u00adment ne pas perdre la dimen\u00adsion indi\u00advi\u00adduelle): entit\u00e9s<br>\ncom\u00admu\u00adnales, urbaines, r\u00e9gio\u00adnales, natio\u00adnales, entit\u00e9s<br>\nde pro\u00adduc\u00adtion, de la plus petite \u00e0 la plus grande.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">V. La<br>\ndis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtion. Sup\u00adpres\u00adsion du pro\u00adfit, de la mon\u00adnaie,<i> <\/i>com\u00adment<br>\n\u00e9ta\u00adblir des nou\u00adveaux rap\u00adports d\u2019\u00e9change&nbsp;?<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">VI.<br>\nAspects psy\u00adcho\u00adlo\u00adgiques.<i> <\/i>L\u2019homme face \u00e0 sa libert\u00e9,<br>\nle<i> <\/i>d\u00e9ve\u00adlop\u00adpe\u00adment de la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9,<i><br>\n<\/i>d\u00e9mys\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion de la consom\u00adma\u00adtion, le droit \u00e0&nbsp;la<br>\nparesse, etc.<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.06cm; text-indent: 1.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\" align=\"justify\" lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<font face=\"Garamond, serif\"><font size=\"4\"><b>Mar\u00adcel&nbsp;Viaud<\/b><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; C\u2019est par la pro\u00adduc\u00adtion, par la pro\u00adduc\u00adtion d\u2019objets, que l\u2019homme s\u2019exprime essen\u00adtiel\u00adle\u00adment, par le tra\u00advail. L\u2019homme est un cr\u00e9a\u00adteur, mais l\u2019objet pro\u00adduit lui \u00e9chappe&nbsp;: il en est d\u00e9pos\u00ads\u00e9\u00add\u00e9 par de mul\u00adtiples formes d\u2019exploitation. Ce qui devait \u00eatre&nbsp;la joie de cr\u00e9er devient la souf\u00adfrance du tra\u00advail. Le tra\u00advail n\u2019est plus alors que la n\u00e9ces\u00adsi\u00adt\u00e9&nbsp;de&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[164],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[540],"class_list":["post-1472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anarchisme-et-non-violence-na20-21-janvier-avril-1970"],"authors":[{"term_id":540,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin_3gikpwyf","display_name":"Vincent Dubuc","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d015720652c25fd2ced191ade86430094e1f288a17483713e3b34d26dea52507?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net","last_name":"Dubuc","first_name":"Vincent","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1472"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/la-presse-anarchiste.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}